According to the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999, "an NRI is a person resident outside India who is either a citizen of India or a person of Indian origin (PIO)."

A person who has been in India for 182 days or more during a financial year and 265 days or more during the preceding four financial years qualifies as a NRI. NRIs can continue to enjoy non - resident status in India if their presence in India is more than 60 days but less than 182 days in a financial year, even if their stay in India during the past four financial year is 365 days or more.

Also, a person who has been deputed in a job overseas for more than 6 months, also qualifies for non-resident status.

However, those who stay abroad on business visits or medical treatment, study or such other purposes which do not indicate or mean an intention to stay there for an indefinite period are not considered NRI.

(a) The following categories of persons (except Pakistan and Bangladesh) are eligible to apply under the OCI scheme: Who is a citizen of another country, but was a citizen of India at the time of, or at any time after, the commencement of the constitution; or
Who is a citizen of another country, but was eligible to become a citizen of India at the time of the commencement of the constitution; or
Who is a citizen of another country, but belonged to a territory that became part of India after the 15th day of August 1947; or
Who is a child or a grand-child or a great-grandchild of such a citizen; or

(b) A person, who is a minor child of a person mentioned in clause (a); or

(c) A person, who is a minor child, and whose both parents are citizens of India or one of the parents is a citizen of India; or

(d) Spouse of foreign origin of a citizen of India or spouse of foreign origin of an Overseas Citizen of India Cardholder registered under section 7A, Citizenship Act 1955 and whose marriage has been registered and subsisted for a continuous period of not less than two years immediately preceding the presentation of the application under this section: Provided that no person, who is or had been a citizen of Pakistan, Bangladesh or such other country as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify, shall be eligible for the registration as Overseas Citizen of India Cardholder.

The Bureau of Immigration under the Union Home Ministry issues OCI status. It can be applied online by logging on to https://passport.gov.in/oci.

Before 2011, the External Affairs Ministry was running a separate scheme for Person of Indian Origin (PIO). They are Indian-origin people up to four generations removed, except those living in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and Afghanistan. In 2015 it was merged, and all PIOs were converted to OCI status. A person with OCI status is not an Indian citizen. The person does not have voting rights in India, nor can contest elections or hold any constitutional office. He or she cannot buy agricultural land but can inherit ancestral property. OCI facilitates visa-free travel to India, rights of residency, and participation in business and educational activities in the country. The spouse of an Indian-origin person is also eligible for OCI.

A non-resident Indian (NRI) holds an Indian passport while living in another country. A person has to have lived for at least six months in a foreign country to be considered an NRI. The classification of NRI is used only for calculating income tax.

A NRI can maintain three types of rupee accounts in India as mentioned below -

NRE: Non-Resident (External) Rupee Account

NRO: Non-Resident (Ordinary) Rupee Account

FCNR- B: Foreign Currency (Non -Resident)

Non-Resident (External) Rupee (NRE) Account - NRE is a rupee bank account from which funds are freely repatriable. It can be opened with either fund remitted from abroad or local funds maintained in NRE/ FCNR accounts, which can be remitted abroad. The deposits can be used for all legitimate purposes. The balance in the account is freely repatriable. Interest credited to the NRE accounts is exempt from tax in the hands of the NRI

Non-Resident Ordinary Rupee (NRO) Account - NRO is a rupee bank account and can be opened with funds either remitted from abroad or generated in India. The amounts in such an account generally cannot be repatriable. However, funds in NRO accounts can be remitted abroad subject to/as per various directives in force at the time of repatriation. However, funds in NRO bank account can be remitted abroad subject to/as per various directives in force at the time of repatriation.

Balances held in NRE accounts can be repatriated abroad freely, while funds in NRO accounts cannot be remitted abroad but have to be used only for local payments in rupees. Funds due to the non-resident accountholder which do not qualify, under the Exchange Control regulations, for remittance outside India are required to be credited to NRO accounts.

All the Asset Management Companies (AMCs) in India don't allow NRIs especially from US and Canada because of the cumbersome compliance requirements under Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) in these countries. However following fund houses do accept investments from NRIs from US and Canada -

Aditya Birla Sun Life Mutual Fund ICICI Prudential Mutual Fund UTI Mutual Fund SBI Mutual Fund IDFC Mutual Fund Reliance Mutual Fund Sundaram Mutual Fund L&T Mutual Fund DHFL Pramerica PPFAS mutual fund ICICI Prudential Mutual Fund

NRIs from other countries can invest in almost any scheme of any mutual fund in India. They are allowed to invest in mutual funds in India on a repatriable or non-repatriable basis subject to regulations prescribed under the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA). For general NRIs (not from USA and Canada) the process of investing in Indian mutual funds is as

Normally, dividends and redemptions are paid through direct credit to the designated bank account provided by the NRI in the scheme.

Yes, the indexation benefit is allowed to NRIs. Generally indexation benefit is required to be taken into account, in context to mutual fund, while calculating long term capital gains taxes for debt mutual funds.

Equity or Equity oriented Mutual Funds: Short term capital gains (holding period < 1 year) are taxed at 15%. Apart from tax @ 15%, 15% surcharge + 3% Cess is also payable. Thus, making it a total of 17.7675%.

Long term capital gains (investments held for more than 1 year) are however completely exempt from capital gains taxes.

Tax is deducted at source (TDS) @17.7675% in case of short term capital gains.

Debt Funds: Short term capital gains (holding period < 3 years) are taxed as per income tax slab of the NRI investor. A 15% surcharge + 3% Cess is also payable. For example - If a NRI is in 30% tax bracket, he or she will have to pay 35.535% of taxes.

Tax is deducted at source (TDS) @35.535% in case of short term capital gains (in case of 30% tax bracket).

Long term capital gains (holding period > 3 years) are taxed (provided the funds are listed) at 20% after indexation. Surcharge and cess are also payable @15% + 3% respectively. Thus, the total tax is 23.69%.

Tax is deducted at source (TDS) @23.69% in case of long term capital gains in case of debt funds.

Dividends are tax-free in the hands of the NRI investors. However in case of dividends received from debt or hybrid debt oriented mutual funds (MIPs), the mutual fund houses pay dividend distribution tax (DDT) @ rate of 28.84% before distributing dividends.

Tax is deducted at source (TDS) @17.7675% in case of short term capital gains arising out of equity or equity oriented mutual funds.

Tax is deducted at source (TDS) @35.535% in case of short term capital gains (Example - If the NRI is in 30% tax bracket).

Tax is deducted at source (TDS) @23.69% in case of long term capital gains in case of debt funds. No TDS is done in case of long term capital gains arising out of equity mutual fund investments.

Like resident individuals, TDS certificates (Form 16A) are issued on a quarterly basis to NRIs and emailed to their registered email ID with the AMC or sent through post. The same can also be viewed online after registering with TRACES (TDS reconciliation Analysis and Correction Enabling System) https://nriservices.tdscpc.gov.in/nriapp/login.xhtml

NRIs will need to submit following documents to the AMC (mutual fund house) or the R&T agent for fulfilling the mutual funds KYC requirements -

Self attested copy of PAN Self attested copy of Passport/ PIO Card Address proof (both Indian and overseas) Passport size photograph Duly filled in KYC Form along with colour passport size photograph

Additional information required for FATCA (Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act) -

Tax number of country of residency (Other than India) Income Slab Occupation Total net worth Declaration, if you are politically exposed or not

NRI can approach authorized officials of overseas branches of Scheduled Commercial Banks registered in India, notary public, Court Magistrate, Judge, Indian Embassy/Consulate General in the country of their residency. Such individuals are permitted to do IPV along with verification of originals.

Once IPV and mandatory document verification is completed, you can send the KYC form along with the aforementioned documents to their mutual fund distributor or the fund house (AMC) or the mutual fund R&T agents (CAMS or Karvy). On submission, the KYC information will be updated in the system in a few weeks.

The KYC details can be viewed by entering the PAN number here - https://www.cvlkra.com/kycpaninquiry.aspx

After the NRI has made the initial investments, it may not be possible for him to keep track of his money and take investment decisions based on market movements that at times may call for additional purchases, switches or redemptions etc. even when he is away.

Mutual funds allow a power of attorney (POA) holder to take these decisions on the behalf of the NRI investor. All that the POA holder needs to do is to submit the original POA or an attested copy of it to the fund house (AMC). The POA should have signatures of both the NRI and the POA holder. The POA holders signature will be verified for processing any such transaction.

An NRI can make a resident Indian or NRI/PIO his nominee in the mutual fund schemes in which he has invested. An NRI can also be the nominee for investments made by a local resident Indian individual. Fund houses also allow an NRI to have a joint holding with a resident Indian or another NRI / PIO in a scheme.

Yes, a NRI/PIO can invest in ELSS (Equity Linked Savings Schemes) of Mutual Funds if he or she is willing to avail tax rebate under Section 80C of The Income Tax Act 1961. Currently the limit is Rs. 150,000 (Rupees One Lac Fifty Thousand only) per annum.